Surveillance within wholesale banks is integral to the identification and investigation of unlawful or unethical practices, such as: misconduct, market manipulation and market abuse, and financial crime. The surveillance function in financial institutions has evolved significantly over the last ten years, mainly driven by regulatory requirements and high-profile misconduct cases. Banks have, as a result, invested heavily in building their surveillance capability. However, with rapidly developing technologies and regulatory expectations, the ongoing drive to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of surveillance must continue.